Leveraging Code Enforcement Units to Reduce Crime: A Difference-Difference Analysis of a Targeted Crime Prevention Intervention

Previous researchers have found reductions in crime when the signs of disorder such as overgrown properties, dilapidated vacant structures, and poor lighting are addressed. With the police staffing crisis occurring across the nation, this study sought to determine if abating blighted properties and structures could impact the calls for service. Statistics were collected on shootings, Part 1 and Part 2 UCR crimes.  Two areas with similar types of structures, social demographics, and no other crime intervention efforts being conducted were selected. Incidentally, these two areas had the highest rates of violent crime and were not situated close which ensured the code enforcement strategies could not ‘spillover’.

Researchers conducted a 90-day targeted code enforcement initiative and compared the changes with the control group. They found there was a non-significant reduction in shootings and aggravated assaults as well as a non-significant overall increase in all violent crimes and armed robbery in the area. At the same time, there was a statistically significant decrease in property crimes. Researchers noted the perceived enhanced police personnel in the areas may have impacted property crimes which tend to be opportunistic events.  The use of non-sworn personnel provided a cost-effective approach that did not require substantial training, legal authority, or resource allocation required of sworn personnel.  In addition, code enforcement personnel reported no increased ‘burden’ in their workload during the intervention period. It is important to note the initiative was limited to a short period. Engaging personnel in a more extensive long-term approach could provide an enhanced overall reduction in crime and free more time for sworn officers to focus on more serious and violent offenses.